1. Introduction
Loratadine is a second-generation antihistamine that provides relief from allergic conditions without causing significant drowsiness. It works by selectively blocking peripheral H1 histamine receptors, reducing symptoms like sneezing, runny nose, and itching.
2. Indications
- Approved Indications:
- Allergic rhinitis (seasonal and perennial).
- Chronic idiopathic urticaria (hives).
- Allergic conjunctivitis (symptomatic relief).
- Off-Label Uses:
- Pruritus (itching) associated with skin allergies.
3. Dosage
- Adults and Children ≥12 Years:
- 10 mg once daily.
- Children (2–11 Years):
- Weight >30 kg: 10 mg once daily.
- Weight ≤30 kg: 5 mg once daily.
- Elderly:
- Same as adults, but monitor for side effects, as clearance may be reduced.
- Renal or Hepatic Impairment:
- Start with 10 mg every other day in severe impairment.
4. Administration
- Take orally, with or without food.
- Tablets should be swallowed whole with water.
5. Forms Available
- Tablets: 10 mg.
- Syrup: 1 mg/mL (5 mg/5 mL).
- Disintegrating tablets: 10 mg.
6. Side Effects
6.1. Common Side Effects
- Headache.
- Fatigue.
- Dry mouth.
6.2. Less Common Side Effects
- Nausea.
- Drowsiness (mild, less frequent compared to first-generation antihistamines).
- Nervousness.
6.3. Rare but Serious Side Effects
- Severe allergic reactions (e.g., rash, swelling, difficulty breathing).
- Heart palpitations or arrhythmias (very rare).
7. Warnings
- Drowsiness: Though rare, some individuals may experience mild sedation. Avoid driving or operating machinery until you know how loratadine affects you.
- Severe Hepatic Impairment: Use cautiously as metabolism may be impaired.
- Allergy Risk: Rare cases of hypersensitivity reactions have been reported.
8. Precautions
- Avoid taking more than the recommended dose, as excessive amounts may increase the risk of side effects.
- If symptoms persist or worsen after 7 days of use, consult a doctor.
- Use cautiously in patients with known cardiac arrhythmias.
9. Interactions
- Drug-Drug Interactions:
- Ketoconazole, erythromycin, or cimetidine: May increase loratadine levels, potentially leading to side effects.
- Alcohol: Does not interact significantly but may enhance sedative effects in rare cases.
- Drug-Food Interactions:
- None significant; can be taken with or without food.
10. Monitoring Parameters
- Relief of allergy symptoms (e.g., reduced sneezing, itching, or hives).
- Monitor for side effects like headache or fatigue.
11. Use in Children
- Approved for children ≥2 years old. Dose adjustment is based on weight.
12. Use in Pregnancy
- Category B: Generally considered safe. However, use only if clearly needed and under medical supervision.
13. Use in Elderly
- Safe for elderly patients but monitor for increased sedation or dizziness due to slower drug metabolism.
14. Use in Kidney Disease
- Use cautiously in severe renal impairment; start with a reduced frequency (e.g., every other day).
15. Use in Liver Disease
- Dose adjustment may be required in severe hepatic impairment due to reduced drug metabolism.
16. Patient Counselling Points
- Take loratadine once daily, preferably at the same time each day.
- Avoid taking more than the recommended dose, as it does not increase effectiveness but may cause side effects.
- If you experience drowsiness, avoid driving or using heavy machinery.
- Inform your doctor if symptoms persist or worsen after a week of use.
- Store in a cool, dry place and keep out of reach of children.
17. Table of Brand Names, Manufacturers, and Prices
Brand Name | Manufacturer | Price (USD) |
---|---|---|
Claritin | Bayer | $10–20 (10 tablets, 10 mg) |
Generic Loratadine | Various manufacturers | $5–10 (10 tablets, 10 mg) |
18. FAQs (15 Questions)
- What is loratadine used for?
It is used to relieve symptoms of allergies, such as sneezing, runny nose, itching, and hives. - How does loratadine work?
It blocks histamine receptors, reducing the allergic response in the body. - Does loratadine cause drowsiness?
Rarely, but some individuals may experience mild sedation. - How long does loratadine take to work?
It begins working within 1–3 hours, with peak effects in 8–12 hours. - How long does loratadine last?
The effects last for about 24 hours, allowing once-daily dosing. - Can loratadine be taken with food?
Yes, it can be taken with or without food. - Is loratadine safe for children?
Yes, it is safe for children ≥2 years old, with dose adjustments based on weight. - Can loratadine be taken during pregnancy?
Yes, it is considered safe, but consult your doctor before use. - Can loratadine be used long-term?
Yes, it is safe for long-term use under medical supervision for chronic allergies. - What are common side effects of loratadine?
Common side effects include headache, dry mouth, and fatigue. - Does loratadine interact with alcohol?
It has minimal interaction, but alcohol may enhance any sedative effects. - Can loratadine be taken with other antihistamines?
No, combining antihistamines is unnecessary and may increase side effects. - What should I do if I miss a dose of loratadine?
Take it as soon as you remember, but skip it if it’s close to the next dose. Do not double up. - Is loratadine effective for insect bites?
Yes, it can reduce itching and swelling caused by allergic reactions to insect bites. - How should loratadine be stored?
Store at room temperature, away from moisture and heat.