What Is Cannabis?
- Cannabis is a plant used for medicinal, recreational, and industrial purposes.
- Contains active compounds called cannabinoids, including:
- THC (Tetrahydrocannabinol): Responsible for psychoactive effects (the “high”).
- CBD (Cannabidiol): Non-psychoactive, known for therapeutic benefits.
How Does Cannabis Work?
- Cannabinoids interact with the endocannabinoid system (ECS) in the body.
- ECS helps regulate functions like mood, pain, appetite, and sleep.
- THC and CBD bind to receptors (CB1 and CB2) to produce various effects.
Uses of Cannabis
Medicinal Uses
- Chronic Pain: Reduces pain in conditions like arthritis and neuropathy.
- Anxiety and Depression: Helps manage symptoms, though high doses of THC may worsen anxiety.
- Epilepsy: CBD-based medications (e.g., Epidiolex) reduce seizures in severe epilepsy.
- Cancer: Alleviates nausea and vomiting from chemotherapy and stimulates appetite.
- Multiple Sclerosis (MS): Reduces muscle spasticity.
- Glaucoma: Lowers intraocular pressure, though its effects are short-lived.
Recreational Uses
- Used for relaxation, euphoria, and sensory enhancement.
- Legal for recreational use in some regions, subject to local laws.
Forms of Cannabis
- Dried Flower: Smoked or vaporized.
- Oils and Tinctures: Consumed sublingually (under the tongue).
- Edibles: Infused foods and beverages with delayed effects.
- Topicals: Creams and balms for localized pain relief.
- Capsules/Tablets: Controlled dosages for medicinal use.
Dosage and Administration
- Start with a low dose and increase gradually (especially for THC).
- Effects vary based on:
- Form of cannabis.
- Route of administration (inhalation vs. ingestion).
- Individual factors like weight and tolerance.
- Typical onset and duration:
- Inhalation: Effects within minutes, lasting 2-4 hours.
- Edibles: Effects within 30-90 minutes, lasting 6-8 hours.
Potential Benefits of Cannabis
- Pain relief without the risks of opioid addiction.
- Improved sleep for insomnia patients.
- Anti-inflammatory properties for chronic conditions.
- Reduced seizure frequency in epilepsy patients.
Precautions Before Using Cannabis
- Medical History: Inform your doctor if you have:
- Heart disease (THC can increase heart rate).
- A history of mental health conditions like psychosis.
- Liver or kidney disease.
- Pregnancy and Breastfeeding: Avoid cannabis due to potential risks to the baby.
- Drug Interactions:
- May interact with blood thinners like warfarin.
- Use caution with sedatives, as cannabis can enhance their effects.
Possible Side Effects
Short-Term Side Effects
- Dry mouth and red eyes.
- Increased heart rate.
- Drowsiness or dizziness.
- Impaired memory and coordination.
- Anxiety or paranoia (at high doses of THC).
Long-Term Side Effects
- Dependence or addiction in some users.
- Respiratory issues from smoking.
- Cognitive impairment with prolonged heavy use, especially in adolescents.
Serious Risks
- Psychosis or schizophrenia in predisposed individuals.
- Cannabinoid Hyperemesis Syndrome (CHS): Cyclic vomiting from chronic use.
Legal Status of Cannabis
- Laws vary globally.
- In many countries, cannabis is legalized or decriminalized for:
- Medicinal Use: Requires a doctor’s prescription.
- Recreational Use: Subject to age and purchase limits.
- Always check local regulations before use.
FAQs About Cannabis
Q1: Is cannabis addictive?
- Cannabis has a low risk of addiction, but frequent use can lead to dependence in some individuals.
Q2: Can cannabis cure diseases?
- Cannabis does not cure diseases but can help manage symptoms like pain, nausea, and seizures.
Q3: How long does cannabis stay in your system?
- THC can be detected in urine for days to weeks, depending on usage frequency.
Q4: Is CBD legal everywhere?
- CBD derived from hemp with less than 0.3% THC is legal in many countries but may still be restricted in some regions.
Q5: Can I drive after using cannabis?
- No. Cannabis impairs reaction time and judgment, increasing the risk of accidents.
Q6: What is the difference between THC and CBD?
- THC is psychoactive and causes a “high,” while CBD is non-psychoactive and focuses on therapeutic effects.
Q7: Can cannabis cause withdrawal symptoms?
- Yes, symptoms like irritability, insomnia, and reduced appetite may occur after stopping heavy use.
Storage
- Store in a cool, dark place away from heat and moisture.
- Keep out of reach of children and pets.
- Ensure proper labeling to avoid accidental use.